SPECIFICATION LIBRARY
ASTM A320
ASTM A320 is a specification standard that defines requirements for alloy steel and stainless steel bolting materials for low-temperature service. The standard covers both rolled and forged bolting materials designed to be used in pressure vessels, valves, flanges, and fittings.
This specification is crucial for ensuring the reliability and safety of equipment operated in cold environments. ASTM A320 bolting is designed to withstand the challenges of low-temperature service, preventing brittle fractures and ensuring structural integrity under stress.
Common Grades of ASTM A320
Grade L7
Characteristics: Grade L7 is made of alloy steel and is designed for low-temperature service down to -150°F.
Applications: Commonly used in the petrochemical and oil and gas industries where low-temperature performance is essential.
Grade L43
Characteristics: Grade L43 is also an alloy steel, suitable for use in environments with even lower temperatures.
Applications: Ideal for pressure vessels and other applications requiring high strength and toughness at very low temperatures.
Grade B8
Characteristics: Made of stainless steel 304, Grade B8 offers excellent corrosion resistance and is suitable for high-temperature applications.
Applications: Frequently used in the manufacturing of flanges, valves, and fittings in various industrial applications.
Grade B8M
Characteristics: Similar to Grade B8 but made from stainless steel 316, B8M offers enhanced corrosion resistance, especially in marine environments.
Applications: Its superior corrosion resistance makes it ideal for use in chemical processing and marine applications.
Chemical Composition of Common ASTM A320 Grades
ASTM A320: The Low Temperature Specialist
|
Grade |
Carbon (C) |
Manganese (Mn) |
Phosphorus (P) |
Sulfur (S) |
Silicon (Si) |
Chromium (Cr) |
Nickel (Ni) |
Molybdenum (Mo) |
|
L7 |
0.38-0.48 |
0.75-1.00 |
Max 0.035 |
Max 0.040 |
0.15-0.35 |
0.80-1.10 |
— |
0.15-0.25 |
|
L43 |
0.43-0.53 |
0.70-0.90 |
Max 0.035 |
Max 0.040 |
0.15-0.35 |
1.00-1.50 |
0.40-0.70 |
0.15-0.25 |
|
B8 |
Max 0.08 |
2.00 max |
Max 0.045 |
Max 0.030 |
1.00 max |
18.0-20.0 |
8.0-11.0 |
— |
|
B8M |
Max 0.08 |
2.00 max |
Max 0.045 |
Max 0.030 |
1.00 max |
16.0-18.0 |
10.0-14.0 |
2.00-3.00 |
Mechanical Properties of Common ASTM A320 Grades
|
Grade |
Tensile Strength (ksi) |
Yield Strength (0.2% offset ksi) |
Elongation in 2" (%) |
Reduction of Area (%) |
Impact Energy (ft-lb, at temperature) |
|
L7 |
125 min |
105 min |
16 min |
50 min |
20 at -150°F |
|
L43 |
125 min |
105 min |
16 min |
50 min |
20 at -150°F |
|
B8 |
75 min |
30 min |
30 min |
50 min |
— |
|
B8M |
75 min |
30 min |
30 min |
50 min |
— |
Testing and Quality Assurance
Testing Methods
Testing methods for ASTM A320 materials include both destructive and nondestructive testing to ensure the material's integrity and performance.
Quality Assurance
Quality assurance practices are crucial in the production of ASTM A320 materials. This includes certification requirements, traceability, and marking of the products to ensure they meet the rigorous standards of the specification.
Applications and Usage
ASTM A320 bolting is used across various industries due to its robustness and reliability in low-temperature environments, including the energy sector, chemical processing, and in infrastructure and construction projects.
Comparison with Other Standards
ASTM A320 vs ASTM A193
While both specifications are for bolting materials, they differ in temperature and mechanical requirements, with A320 being favored for low-temperature applications.
Challenges and Considerations
Selecting the right material, considering environmental factors, and balancing cost and availability are critical in utilizing ASTM A320 bolting materials effectively.
ASTM A320 plays a vital role in industries that operate in cold environments, with its specifications ensuring the safety and reliability of bolting materials. Future advancements in material science will likely enhance the performance and range of applications for ASTM A320 products.
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